GST in India 2026 β Everything You Need to Know
Goods and Services Tax (GST) replaced India's earlier complex indirect tax structure (VAT, Service Tax, Excise Duty, CST) on July 1, 2017. India's GST Council has since been streamlining the rate structure. The most significant reform came through the 56th GST Council meeting (GST 2.0), effective September 22, 2025, which simplified India's GST from five slabs (0%, 5%, 12%, 18%, 28%) to a cleaner structure with primary slabs at 5% and 18%, and a new 40% slab replacing the old 28% + cess structure for luxury and sin goods.
GST 2.0 Rate Structure (Effective Sep 22, 2025)
| GST Slab | Category | Key Examples |
|---|---|---|
| 0% (Nil) | Essential daily items | Fresh vegetables, fruits, milk, eggs, unprocessed cereals, books, live animals |
| 3% | Precious metals | Gold, silver, diamonds, jewellery (special rate retained) |
| 5% | Essential / priority goods | Packaged food, medicines, children's footwear, household LPG, economy hotels, railways |
| 18% | Standard goods & services (main slab) | Electronics, cars (small), restaurants, financial services, IT services, mobile phones, personal care, clothing above βΉ1,000 |
| 40% | Luxury & sin goods | Luxury cars, aerated beverages, select high-end motorcycles (replaces old 28% + cess) |
CGST vs SGST vs IGST β What's the Difference?
GST in India is a dual structure, collected by both the Centre and States:
- CGST (Central GST): Collected by the Central Government. For an 18% GST transaction, CGST = 9%.
- SGST (State GST): Collected by the State Government where the transaction happens. SGST = 9% (for 18% GST). SGST applies on intra-state sales (buyer and seller in same state).
- IGST (Integrated GST): For inter-state transactions (buyer in different state, or import/export). The full GST rate goes as IGST β e.g., 18% IGST. Later shared between Centre and destination state.
- UTGST: Applies instead of SGST in Union Territories (Delhi, Chandigarh, etc.) without legislatures.
Common GST Rates by Category (2026)
| Category | GST Rate | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Restaurant (non-AC) | 5% | No ITC available |
| Restaurant (AC / alcohol) | 18% | ITC available |
| Hotel (tariff <βΉ7,500/night) | 12% | Transitional |
| Hotel (tariff β₯βΉ7,500/night) | 18% | |
| Mobile phones | 18% | Reduced from 12% in 2020 |
| Laptops / computers | 18% | |
| Cars (petrol <1200cc / diesel <1500cc) | 18% | Previously 28% |
| Cars (luxury / large) | 40% | Replaces 28%+cess |
| Gold / jewellery | 3% | Making charges: 5% |
| Health insurance premium | 18% | ITC available for businesses |
| Life insurance premium | 18% | |
| Professional services (CA, legal, consulting) | 18% |
How to Add and Remove GST β Formula
Adding GST (exclusive price β inclusive price): GST Amount = Base Price Γ (GST Rate / 100). Total = Base Price + GST Amount.
Removing GST (inclusive price β base price): Base Price = Total Price / (1 + GST Rate / 100). GST Amount = Total Price β Base Price.
Example β Add 18% GST to βΉ10,000: GST = βΉ10,000 Γ 18% = βΉ1,800. Total = βΉ11,800. (CGST = βΉ900, SGST = βΉ900 for intra-state.)
Example β Remove 18% GST from βΉ11,800: Base = βΉ11,800 / 1.18 = βΉ10,000. GST = βΉ1,800.